Value-added tax (VAT) is a consumption tax charged as a percentage of a product's price at each stage of the supply chain. The consumer ultimately pays it: a 20% VAT on a €100 item adds €20, making the shelf price €120. In some countries the equivalent tax is called GST (goods and services tax) or sales tax.

How do I add VAT to a net price?

Multiply the net price by (1 + rate ÷ 100). At a 20% rate, a net price of 100 becomes 100 × 1.20 = 120 gross. The VAT amount is the difference: 20.

How do I remove VAT from a gross price?

Divide the gross price by (1 + rate ÷ 100) — do not subtract the percentage. A gross of 120 at 20% is 120 ÷ 1.20 = 100 net, with 20 of VAT. Subtracting 20% directly (120 × 0.80 = 96) is the classic mistake and understates the net price.

What VAT rate should I enter?

The standard rate of the country where the sale is taxed — for example 19% in Germany, 20% in France and the UK, 21% in Spain, 22% in Italy, 23% in Portugal. Many countries also apply reduced rates to food, books, medicine, and transport, so check the rate for your specific goods category.

Is VAT the same as sales tax?

They differ in mechanics but the arithmetic here is identical. VAT is collected at every stage of production with credits for tax already paid; a US-style sales tax is charged once, at the final sale. For calculating the tax on a single price, both use the same add/remove percentage formulas.

What is the difference between net and gross price?

The net price excludes tax — it is what the seller keeps. The gross price includes tax — it is what the customer pays. Gross = net + VAT amount.

Calculadora de IVA

Direction

Net price (P)

VAT rate (r)

Net price (N)

VAT amount (V)

Gross price (G)

VAT rates differ by country and by goods category — enter the rate that applies to your transaction. This tool is for estimation and invoicing arithmetic; consult a tax professional for filing and compliance questions.

Preguntas frecuentes

What is VAT?: Value-added tax (VAT) is a consumption tax charged as a percentage of a product's price at each stage of the supply chain. The consumer ultimately pays it: a 20% VAT on a €100 item adds €20, making the shelf price €120. In some countries the equivalent tax is called GST (goods and services tax) or sales tax.
How do I add VAT to a net price?: Multiply the net price by (1 + rate ÷ 100). At a 20% rate, a net price of 100 becomes 100 × 1.20 = 120 gross. The VAT amount is the difference: 20.
How do I remove VAT from a gross price?: Divide the gross price by (1 + rate ÷ 100) — do not subtract the percentage. A gross of 120 at 20% is 120 ÷ 1.20 = 100 net, with 20 of VAT. Subtracting 20% directly (120 × 0.80 = 96) is the classic mistake and understates the net price.
What VAT rate should I enter?: The standard rate of the country where the sale is taxed — for example 19% in Germany, 20% in France and the UK, 21% in Spain, 22% in Italy, 23% in Portugal. Many countries also apply reduced rates to food, books, medicine, and transport, so check the rate for your specific goods category.
Is VAT the same as sales tax?: They differ in mechanics but the arithmetic here is identical. VAT is collected at every stage of production with credits for tax already paid; a US-style sales tax is charged once, at the final sale. For calculating the tax on a single price, both use the same add/remove percentage formulas.
What is the difference between net and gross price?: The net price excludes tax — it is what the seller keeps. The gross price includes tax — it is what the customer pays. Gross = net + VAT amount.

Calculadora de IVA

Preguntas frecuentes

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